{"id":1817,"date":"2021-08-16T10:07:09","date_gmt":"2021-08-16T10:07:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pmcg.co.me\/?p=1817"},"modified":"2021-08-16T10:08:26","modified_gmt":"2021-08-16T10:08:26","slug":"po-nesto-o-mravima","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pmcg.co.me\/en\/po-nesto-o-mravima\/","title":{"rendered":"Po ne\u0161to o mravima"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tokom ljetnjih mjeseci \u010de\u0161\u0107e smo u prirodi i nailazimo na sveprisutne mrave. Dok u svijetu ima oko 12.000 vrsta mrava, u Crnoj Gori \u017eivi oko 160 vrsta. Svi su socijalni, \u017eive u kolonijama koje mogu imati od dvadesetak jedinki do nekoliko miliona. Najve\u0107i broj jedinki u koloniji su radnici koji su, u stvari, nereproduktivne \u017eenke. Reproduktivna \u2013 plodna \u017eenka je matica ili \u201ekraljica\u201c te kolonije. Jednom godi\u0161nje se iz odre\u0111enih jaja izlegu jedinke sa krilima &#8211; mu\u017ejaci i \u017eenke. Oni u isto vrijeme izlaze iz gnijezda, pare se u rojevima u vazduhu. Nakon oplodnje mu\u017ejaci umiru, a \u017eenke se spu\u0161taju na zemlju, otkidaju \u010deljustima (mandibulama) sebi krila i zavla\u010de se u odgovaraju\u0107u \u0161upljinu (ispod kore, ispod kamena), zazidaju se i pola\u017eu prva jaja. Dok traje razvi\u0107e prvih radnika od jaja do adulta, \u017eenke se hrane rezervnim materijama iz svoga tijela. Po\u0161to vi\u0161e nemaju krila, razgradnjom mi\u0161i\u0107a pokreta\u010da krila dobijaju dodatnu energiju. Ponekad jedu i dio svojih jaja i larvi. \u017denka &#8211; sad ve\u0107 matica, brine se o jajima, odnosno larvama i lutkama dok se ne izlegu prvi radnici. Radnici zatim preuzimaju brigu o koloniji i o ishrani matice.<\/p>\n<p>ODRE\u0110IVANJE POLA KOD MRAVA: Kod ljudi pol se odre\u0111uje tako \u0161to \u017eenke nasle\u0111uju X hromozome od oba roditelja, a mu\u017ejaci nasle\u0111uju X hromozom od jednog, a Y hromozom od drugog roditelja. Pol kod mrava se odre\u0111uje na druga\u010diji na\u010din \u2013 kod njih ne postoje polni hromozomi. \u017denke i radnici (neplodne \u017eenke) imaju dva para od svakog hromozoma tj. one su diploidne. Mu\u017ejaci imaju samo jedan set tj. haploidni su. \u017denke i radnici dobijaju dva seta hromozoma kroz konjugaciju izme\u0111u jajne \u0107elije i spermatozoida, a mu\u017ejaci nastaju iz neoplo\u0111ene jajne \u0107elije.<\/p>\n<p>Dr Marko Karaman<\/p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n\t#foogallery-gallery-1819 .fg-image {\r\n        width: 175px;\r\n    }\r\n<\/style>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"foogallery foogallery-container foogallery-default foogallery-lightbox-foobox fg-gutter-10 fg-center fg-default fg-light fg-border-thin fg-shadow-outline fg-loading-default fg-loaded-fade-in fg-caption-hover fg-hover-fade fg-hover-zoom fg-ready\" id=\"foogallery-gallery-1819\" data-foogallery=\"{&quot;item&quot;:{&quot;showCaptionTitle&quot;:true,&quot;showCaptionDescription&quot;:true},&quot;lazy&quot;:true}\" >\r\n\t<div class=\"fg-item fg-type-image fg-idle\"><figure class=\"fg-item-inner\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmcg.co.me\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Putni-nalozi-29maj-04jun2023.pdf\" data-attachment-id=\"3838\" data-type=\"image\" class=\"fg-thumb\"><span class=\"fg-image-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"175\" class=\"skip-lazy fg-image\" data-src-fg=\"https:\/\/pmcg.co.me\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Putni-nalozi-29maj-04jun2023.pdf\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%22175%22%20height%3D%22175%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20175%20175%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" loading=\"eager\"><\/span><span class=\"fg-image-overlay\"><\/span><\/a><figcaption class=\"fg-caption\"><div class=\"fg-caption-inner\"><\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"fg-loader\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fg-item fg-type-image fg-idle\"><figure class=\"fg-item-inner\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmcg.co.me\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/7-Zs.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"5151\" data-type=\"image\" class=\"fg-thumb\"><span class=\"fg-image-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"175\" class=\"skip-lazy fg-image\" data-src-fg=\"https:\/\/pmcg.co.me\/wp-content\/uploads\/cache\/2025\/04\/7-Zs\/179438429.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%22175%22%20height%3D%22175%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20175%20175%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" loading=\"eager\"><\/span><span class=\"fg-image-overlay\"><\/span><\/a><figcaption class=\"fg-caption\"><div class=\"fg-caption-inner\"><\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"fg-loader\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fg-item fg-type-image fg-idle\"><figure class=\"fg-item-inner\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmcg.co.me\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Otvaranje-442.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"1919\" data-type=\"image\" class=\"fg-thumb\"><span class=\"fg-image-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"175\" class=\"skip-lazy fg-image\" data-src-fg=\"https:\/\/pmcg.co.me\/wp-content\/uploads\/cache\/2021\/09\/Otvaranje-442\/4141883794.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%22175%22%20height%3D%22175%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20175%20175%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" loading=\"eager\"><\/span><span class=\"fg-image-overlay\"><\/span><\/a><figcaption class=\"fg-caption\"><div class=\"fg-caption-inner\"><\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"fg-loader\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tokom ljetnjih mjeseci \u010de\u0161\u0107e smo u prirodi i nailazimo na sveprisutne mrave. Dok u svijetu ima oko 12.000 vrsta mrava, u Crnoj Gori \u017eivi oko 160 vrsta. Svi su socijalni, \u017eive u kolonijama koje mogu imati od dvadesetak jedinki do nekoliko miliona. Najve\u0107i broj jedinki u koloniji su radnici koji su, u stvari, nereproduktivne \u017eenke. [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1820,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1817","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktivnosti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmcg.co.me\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1817","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmcg.co.me\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmcg.co.me\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmcg.co.me\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmcg.co.me\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1817"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pmcg.co.me\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1817\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmcg.co.me\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmcg.co.me\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1817"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmcg.co.me\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1817"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmcg.co.me\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1817"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}